CLASS 9 · LEARNING KNOWLEDGE
Punctuation in clear simple sentence structures (Latvian)
How it works
In Latvian, subordinate clauses are separated by commas. In lists, items are separated by commas, and before the last ‹un› usually not: ‹Es nopirku ābolus, bumbierus un banānus.› In sequences of main clauses without a conjunction, the clauses are often separated by a comma: ‹Viņš atnāca uz skolu, viņa draugs jau gaidīja.› Before adversative conjunctions such as ‹bet›, a comma is usually used, whereas before ‹un› or ‹vai› a comma is not automatically placed.
Note
In Latvian, place a comma between a subordinate clause and the main clause, for example in ‹Es mācos, jo vēlos labi nokārtot eksāmenu.› In lists, there is no comma before the last ‹un›. Between two main clauses without a conjunction, a comma may be used: ‹Mēs gājām uz veikalu, nopirkām maizi un pienu.› Before ‹bet›, there is usually a comma; before ‹un› or ‹vai›, only if the sentence structure requires it.
In Latvian, place a comma between a subordinate clause and the main clause, for example in ‹Es mācos, jo vēlos labi nokārtot eksāmenu.› In lists, there is no comma before the last ‹un›. Between two main clauses without a conjunction, a comma may be used: ‹Mēs gājām uz veikalu, nopirkām maizi un pienu.› Before ‹bet›, there is usually a comma; before ‹un› or ‹vai›, only if the sentence structure requires it.
An example
Which sentence is written correctly in Latvian: ‹Es lasu grāmatu un klausos mūziku.› or ‹Es lasu grāmatu, un klausos mūziku.›?
‹Es lasu grāmatu un klausos mūziku.› is correct, because there is no comma before the simple connective ‹un› here.
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50 Exercises
To the learning unit →Own explanation and own practice exercises by AmyMath. Subject reference framework: Latvian. The topic assignment may vary by federal state.